The NDRC strengthened power demand-side management to ease the peak pressure on the power system

Abstract: In recent years, the national electricity load, especially the rapid growth of residential electricity load, the national summer and winter electricity load "double peak" characteristics are increasingly prominent, and the extreme weather phenomenon has increased the pressure on the safe supply of electricity. The large-scale access of renewable energy with random, fluctuating and intermittent characteristics to the power grid brings new challenges to the stability of the power system. At the same time, all parties in society face the increasing requirements for safe and stable power supply, and it is urgent to secure the bottom line of power security and supply. In this case, the National Development and Reform Commission on May 19 on the "power demand side management Measures (draft for comment)" and "power load Management Measures (draft for comment)" to the public for comments, the time of public comment is from May 19, 2023 to June 18, 2023.

 

1 Main Contents

The "Measures for Power Demand Side Management (Draft for Comment)" was revised according to the "Measures for Power Demand Side Management" issued in 2017, and the "Measures for Power Load Management (draft for comment)" was revised and formed on the basis of the "Measures for Orderly Power Consumption Management" issued in 2011.

The National Development and Reform Commission pointed out in the revised notes of the "Power demand side Management Measures (Draft for comments)" that power demand side management refers to strengthening the power management of the whole society, comprehensively adopting reasonable and feasible technical, economic and management measures, optimizing the allocation of power resources, and implementing demand response, electricity saving, electricity substitution, green electricity consumption, and orderly electricity consumption in the use of electricity. Promote the power system to safely reduce carbon, improve efficiency and reduce consumption. Power demand-side management will play an important role in giving full play to the potential of demand-side resources, accelerating the synergistic interaction of source and network load and storage, and helping the construction of new power systems and new energy systems.

Compared with the current "Electricity demand Side Management Measures", the "electricity demand Side Management Measures (Draft for comment)" adds a new demand response chapter, which refers to the response to short-term tight power supply and demand, renewable energy power consumption difficulties and other situations, through economic incentive measures, guide power users to voluntarily adjust electricity consumption behavior according to the needs of power system operation, to achieve peak cutting and valley filling. Improve the flexibility of the power system, ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

The "Power demand side Management Measures (draft for comments)" pointed out that by 2025, the demand response capacity of the provinces will reach 3% to 5% of the largest electricity load, of which the annual peak and valley difference rate of the largest electricity load will reach 5% or more. By 2030, the formation of large-scale real-time demand response ability, combined with auxiliary service market, electricity and energy market trading can realize the sharing of adjustable resources in the power grid region.

Combined with the new situation, new requirements and new connotation of the national power load management work, the "Power load Management Measures (draft for Comments)" also added a new chapter of demand response, in addition, the "power load Management Measures (draft for comments)" also detailed the requirements for orderly electricity consumption and added a new chapter of system support.

The "Power Load Management Measures (Draft for Comments)" pointed out that the so-called orderly electricity use means that in the case of predictable power supply shortage, relying on various measures such as increasing power generation output, market organization, demand response, emergency dispatch, etc., when the balance of power supply and demand cannot be met, some electricity loads are controlled according to law and regulations through administrative measures and technical methods. Maintain the power supply order and smooth management work.

The "Power Load Management Measures (draft for comments)" clearly states that power rationing measures shall not be abused in the orderly electricity consumption scheme to affect the normal order of social production and life. In the name of national and local energy conservation target responsibility evaluation and assessment, it is not allowed to implement non-discriminatory orderly electricity consumption of energy enterprises and units.

The "Power Load Management Measures (Draft for Comments)" also clearly states that when developing an orderly electricity consumption plan, five categories should be focused on restrictions: Including illegal construction or construction projects, industrial structure adjustment catalogue eliminated class, restricted class enterprises, energy consumption per unit product higher than the national or local mandatory energy quota standards of enterprises, landscape lighting, lighting engineering and other high energy consumption, high emissions, low level enterprises.

In terms of system support, the "Power load Management Measures (draft for comments)" pointed out that local power operation authorities, energy regulators, power grid enterprises, and power users should strengthen the construction, operation and maintenance of new power load management systems and safety supervision.

The new power load management system includes a hardware and software platform for load information collection, forecast analysis, test, regulation and service for power users, load aggregators, virtual power plants, etc. It is an information technology auxiliary system for power demand side management and an important implementation platform for load management.

 

2. Significance of implementing power demand side management and power load management

In the context of the "double carbon" goal, the newly installed power generation side is mainly clean renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic, but under the existing technical conditions, wind power and photovoltaic power generation is still difficult to provide stable and adjustable output. In order to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, power demand side management has gradually become a necessary means to ensure the safety and stability of power grid and optimize the energy structure. Power demand side management is to achieve the balance between supply and demand of power system and improve the efficiency of energy utilization by adjusting and controlling the behavior of users. The implementation of power demand side management can reduce the peak load by changing the user's consumption behavior, improve the utilization rate of the power grid, ensure power security, and alleviate the pressure of new energy access.

Delay grid investment and improve grid utilization

Demand-side management of power can adjust the load of power and optimize the load distribution of power grid by rationally arranging the behavior of users, thus delaying the demand of power grid investment and reducing the operating cost of power grid. On the one hand, power demand side management can optimize the power structure, reduce the load pressure on the power grid, and reduce the expansion demand for the power grid by realizing the goals of efficient energy consumption and clean energy use. On the other hand, power demand side management can also improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid by establishing a flexible market mechanism, reduce the cost of power grid dispatch, promote the upgrading and transformation of the power grid and intelligent construction, and further improve the utilization rate and operation efficiency of the power grid.

Reduce peak load and ensure power safety

Power demand side management can guide users to reduce or transfer electricity consumption during peak hours through price differences or incentive mechanisms for time periods, so as to reduce peak load. Peak load can easily lead to power supply shortage, voltage instability, equipment damage and other problems, which seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of power system. The implementation of power demand side management can effectively control the peak load by reducing the peak power consumption, shifting load valley value, increasing the valley load, adjusting the load curve and other ways, so as to avoid the imbalance between supply and demand caused by excessive peak load in the power system, reduce the operating pressure of the power system, reduce the risk of power supply shortage, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system.

Improve system flexibility and ease the pressure of new energy access

Power demand side management can improve the flexibility and adaptability of the power system, reduce the impact of new energy access on the power system, reduce the impact of new energy fluctuations on the power grid, and reduce dispatch costs. Power demand side management can also further ease the pressure on new energy access and improve the reliability of the system by changing the user's energy consumption structure and encouraging the use of new technologies such as distributed energy and energy storage systems.

The system promotes the deepening and upgrading of power demand side management, reduces the pressure of peak power load, realizes power saving, environmental protection, green power consumption, intelligent power consumption, and orderly power consumption, and promotes the safe and stable operation and high-quality development of the power system. Specifically, we should do the following three aspects of work.

First, adhere to the market-oriented reform, optimize the power market system and implement the market regulation mechanism

The use of electricity price differentiation, peak and valley electricity price system, etc., to guide users to moderately reduce electricity consumption during the peak period, so as to adjust the power load and reduce the pressure of the power supply system; Establish a transparent, fair and standardized electricity market environment, promote the market-oriented reform of electricity, improve the market-oriented system and market supervision mechanism, and improve market competitiveness; Establish a power trading platform, provide information exchange, deal making and other services, and provide more convenient, efficient and transparent trading services for the power market; Strengthen market supervision, prevent market monopoly, ensure fair competition in the market, prevent market failure, and improve the efficiency and fairness of market transactions.

Second, insist on saving electricity and promote demand response product

Promote demand response, strengthen the top-level design of demand response, clarify normative requirements, promote demand response into power planning, improve the demand response incentive mechanism, and encourage and guide large industrial users to participate in real-time demand response transformation; Formulate energy conservation standards, limit the power consumption of industries with high energy consumption in a specific period of time, and establish a sound energy conservation management system and formulate independent energy conservation standards and measures; Improve the peak-valley electricity price system, adjust differentiated electricity prices based on the actual situation of new energy output, and guide users to adjust electricity consumption behavior and reduce peak electricity load when there is a large difference in peak-valley electricity prices; The government, through financial subsidies and other means, promotes the use of energy-efficient lamps, appliances and new energy equipment, and encourages enterprises, residents and public institutions to adopt energy-saving technological measures.

Third, adhere to technical support and enhance the level of digitalization

Promote the deep integration of information and communication technology, facilities and energy, optimize and improve the power demand side management platform, use big data and artificial intelligence technology to analyze electricity consumption data, achieve electricity consumption forecast and scheduling, adjust the peak and valley load, and reduce the peak load pressure; Use big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to establish a power consumption supervision platform to achieve real-time monitoring and control of power consumption, and strengthen the supervision and management of power consumption behavior; Promote the Internet + power service model, achieve accurate service for users, improve user power experience, guide users to consciously reduce power consumption when using electricity, and reduce peak power load.

-- This chapter is quoted from Zeng Ming and Wang Yongli, North China Electric Power University, "Implementing Demand Side Management to Alleviate the Peak Pressure of low-carbon Power System".

 

3 Digital solutions for power demand side management and power load management

The introduction of the "Power Demand Side Management Measures (draft for comments)" and the "Power load Management Measures (draft for comments)" comes at the right time, combining the actual problems of the new power system to provide policy support and solutions to alleviate the contradiction between power supply and demand. According to reports, the recent establishment of municipal/county-level power load management centers in many places across the country marks a substantial key step in the construction and reform of power load management systems across the country, and is of great significance to accelerate the promotion of power demand side management and power load management. For example, Ningbo Energy Big Data Management Center (Power load Management Center) has accessed the energy consumption data of more than 10,000 households in Ningbo and 3,079 key energy-using enterprises, and the air conditioning load data of 698 public building units, and launched more than 20 energy big data products such as public building air conditioning load management, industrial park energy management, and green factory energy monitoring.

AcrelEMS enterprise microgrid energy efficiency management system realizes demand management and load management of enterprise-level microgrid. Combined with the Internet of Things and big data technology, it can realize the functions of enterprise grid power monitoring, energy consumption statistics, load forecasting, lighting control, main load monitoring, charging pile operation management, photovoltaic power generation monitoring, energy storage management, demand response, etc. Improve the intelligent power distribution and electricity consumption of enterprises, and help enterprises to achieve reliable, safe, economical, efficient and orderly electricity consumption. At the same time, the system can be used as a subsystem of the regional power demand side platform and power load management platform, and accept the demand response instructions of the superior platform, and become the basis for the construction of power demand side management and power load management system. As a power demand side management service organization, Acrel has been providing enterprises with demand side management and load management solutions.

 

Figure 1 Network structure of AcrelEMS microgrid energy efficiency management system

 

FIG. 2 Acrel Power Demand Side Management service organization capability assessment certificate

 

 

Figure 3 Power monitoring function

 

 

3.2 Monitoring of photovoltaic power generation

Monitor the operation of distributed photovoltaic power stations, including inverter operation data, photovoltaic power generation efficiency analysis, power generation and revenue statistics, and photovoltaic power generation control.

 

Figure 4 photovoltaic power generation monitoring

 

3.3 Energy Storage Management

Monitor the operation mode and control strategy of the energy storage system (EMS), battery management system (BMS) and energy storage converter (PCS), monitor the battery current, temperature, SOC/SOH, detect the insulation status of the system, set the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage system according to the peak and valley characteristics of the enterprise, the fluctuation of electricity price and the instructions of the upper platform, and control the charge and discharge of the energy storage system. Achieve peak cutting and valley filling, reducing the cost of electricity for enterprises.

 

 

3.4 Power Prediction

Based on the historical load data, combined with weather factors, enterprise production plans, etc., the system predicts the power demand and photovoltaic power curve of the enterprise in the next cycle, and provides data support for the enterprise to arrange energy plans in advance and declare demand response.

 

 

3.5 Energy Consumption Analysis

Collect electricity, water, gas and other energy consumption of enterprises, make classified and itemized energy consumption statistics, calculate the energy consumption data and trend per unit area or per unit product, make energy efficiency diagnosis for the energy efficiency of major energy-using equipment, calculate the carbon emissions of enterprises, and provide data support for enterprises to develop carbon peak and carbon neutral routes.

 

 

3.6 Lighting load control

The intelligent lighting control function can realize timing control, light induction control, scene control, dimming control, etc., according to the enterprise situation, and combined with infrared sensors and ultrasonic sensors, to realize the light on, the light off, and can realize centralized control according to the control strategy of the system, saving lighting electricity for enterprises.

 

Figure 8 Lighting control function

 

3.7 Charging pile load management

Monitor the operating status of enterprise charging piles, provide charging pile charge management and status monitoring functions, and adjust the charging pile power according to the change of enterprise load rate and the demand side management platform instructions, so that the enterprise microgrid can operate safely and smoothly, and respond to the power demand of the superior platform.

 

FIG. 9 Charging pile management

 

3.8 Requirement Management

According to the load fluctuation data of the enterprise, combined with the scheduling instructions of the upper level platform, decide how to participate in the grid demand response. The platform can adjust the charging time by issuing control strategies to the energy storage system. The platform adjusts controllable load power during the demand response period, stops power supply to interruptible load, and can formulate demand response control strategy according to enterprise controllable load data to achieve one-click response.

 

Figure 10 Schematic diagram of demand response

 

3.9 Managing Hardware Devices on the power Demand Side

Power demand and load management requires software to cooperate with various power monitoring and control equipment to achieve, including high and low voltage integrated protection and monitoring products, power quality monitoring and management equipment, various smart meters, Internet of things meters, lighting control sensors, charging piles, contact temperature measurement, remote control equipment, etc. Acrel provides a one-stop service for enterprise-side power demand and load management.

 

4 Closing remarks

Power demand side management is a digital system based on the whole society power enterprises. To do a good job of power demand side management needs to start from the intelligent management of enterprise microgrid. Power demand-side management is an important means to balance power supply and demand, a basic guarantee to improve the level of social energy management, and a key path to achieve clean energy consumption and sustainable energy development. In the process of building China's modern energy system, power demand side management will continue to play an important role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of China's energy consumption and energy supply modes, and achieving a win-win situation for economic development and environmental protection.